Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone.
Thyrotoxicosis is a condition with excessive thyroid hormone present in the body, usually caused by thyroid nodules or Graves’ immune disease. The symptoms that accompany this condition include rapid heart rate, weight loss, and heat intolerance. To diagnose it, thyroid function tests are used, and the treatment options range from medication to radioactive iodine therapy or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition.
Primary hyperthyroidism occurs due to thyroid pathology, which causes the thyroid gland to behave abnormally and produce excess thyroid hormone.
Secondary hyperthyroidism is caused when the thyroid gland is over-stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), producing excessive thyroid hormone.
Essentially, the underlying cause of this condition is an overactive hypothalamus or pituitary gland that produces excessive thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leading to an overstimulated thyroid gland and excess thyroid hormone production. Now, let’s shift our focus to Graves’ disease.
What is Graves’ Disease?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune condition impacting the thyroid gland, often leading to hyperthyroidism and gland enlargement. If left untreated, this disorder can present lifelong risks and may even result in severe health complications, including fatality. However, with adequate treatment, the disease can be effectively managed; in some cases, it may even go into remission.
In Graves’ disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (TSH-R) in the thyroid gland.
How are Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease Diagnosed?
Graves’ disease diagnosis is typically straightforward. There are three main ways it can be done:
- Thyroid lab tests. The laboratory tests most helpful for diagnosing patients with Graves’ disease include the free TSH, T4 (FT4), free T3 (FT3), and TSI tests.
- Free T4 test: Free T4 test measures thyroxine that is available to the body’s cells. FT4 levels are increased in hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormone resistance.
- Free T3 test: Free T3 test measures triiodothyronine free in the body and it is increased in Graves’ disease.
- The TSH test: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) signals the thyroid gland to produce hormones that control body metabolism. A TSH test can reveal whether your thyroid gland is functioning at normal levels. In Graves’ disease, the thyroid-stimulating hormone is usually lower than normal levels of TSH.
- Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody test: This blood test examines a specific type of thyroid antibody produced in response to thyroid inflammation. It helps differentiate between Graves’ disease and hyperthyroidism caused by toxic nodular goite. It may also be used to confirm that goiter and/or hypothyroidism are due to autoimmune thyroiditis. The typical range for TPO antibodies is below 2 IU/mL.
- Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody test: When the Thyrotropin (TSH) receptor test result shows a high value, it indicates antibodies targeting the TSH receptor. This indicates that the individual has Graves’ disease.
- Thyroid ultrasound: A thyroid ultrasound is a safe, painless procedure that uses sound waves to examine the thyroid gland. It can help diagnose many medical conditions affecting the thyroid gland, including benign thyroid nodules and possible thyroid cancers. Sometimes, these benign nodules can be the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism. Your healthcare provider can evaluate them with a biopsy called FNA.
- Radioactive Iodine Uptake: A radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) measures how much radioactive iodine is absorbed by the thyroid gland. It uses a controlled amount of radioactive iodine in a specific time frame.
The first part of the test involves swallowing radioactive iodine (I-131 or I-123) at least 24 hours before the test. Thereafter, the level of radioactivity in your thyroid gland will be measured at specific intervals of hours using a gamma probe. The gamma probe is placed over the area where the thyroid gland is located in your neck.
What Causes Graves’ Disease?
Understanding the root causes of Graves’ disease extends beyond its impact solely on the thyroid gland. This autoimmune disorder is caused by a malfunction in the immune system, which affects thyroid function (1). Effectively managing the immune system becomes crucial in mitigating the damage inflicted on the thyroid gland.
Although the precise triggers for this condition remain elusive and vary from individual to individual, researchers hypothesize that Graves’ disease arises from a complex of genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
This section will explore the origins of Graves’ disease. While the precise causes for this condition vary from person to person and aren’t fully understood, researchers believe it results from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influences.
Graves’ disease triggers include:
- Bacterial or viral infections can substantially impact your immune system, causing it to produce antibodies that target your thyroid gland. For example, H. pylori, a bacterium known for causing gastrointestinal issues, has been linked to autoimmune responses like Grave disease.
According to research, H. pylori infection may trigger molecular mimicry, wherein the immune system mistakenly targets self-antigens in the thyroid gland,
Similarly, infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica (usually contracted from consuming raw or undercooked pork) have also been linked to Graves’ disease. These infections can trigger autoimmune responses in thyroid disorders, demonstrating a connection between microbial triggers and autoimmune responses.
- Genetics—Although genetics cannot be controlled by individuals, they are highly probable to play a significant role in developing Graves’ disease.
When someone has a genetic predisposition to a disorder, it means they’ve inherited genes for it. However, having these genes doesn’t guarantee they’ll develop the disorder. The genes may stay dormant until triggered by environmental factors, a phenomenon known as multifactorial inheritance. This means both genetic and environmental factors contribute to a disorder’s development, like Graves’ disease.
Several genes have been identified that are associated with Graves’ disease. These include genes that modify or weaken the immune system’s response, such as CD25, CD40, CTLA-4, FOXP3, and HLA-DR3.
It is also important to note that genes directly related to thyroid function, such as thyroglobulin (Tg) and the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) genes, have also been linked to Graves’ disease. The Tg gene produces thyroglobulin, a protein exclusive to thyroid tissue and crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis.
The TSHR gene produces a protein that acts as a receptor, binding to the thyroid-stimulating hormone. However, the precise mechanisms by which genetic and environmental factors interact to trigger Graves’ disease remain incompletely understood.
Additional genetic factors, known as modifier genes, may play a role in the development or expression of Graves’ disease.
- Intestinal or gut conditions—Our gut interacts directly with our immune system. Intestinal hyperpermeability (commonly known as leaky gut), food allergies (mainly gluten), and microbial imbalance in the gut can all cause systemic inflammation. This may activate the immune system and lead to the development and progression of Graves’ disease.
- High iodine exposure contributes to the development of Graves’ disease (3). Additionally, individuals with Graves’ disease commonly experience deficiencies in essential nutrients such as vitamins C, D, E, selenium, magnesium, and B-complex vitamins and Vitamin B12 is crucial for individuals with Graves’ disease since many patients have anti-parietal cell antibodies that block its absorption. These antibodies are common in autoimmune thyroid disorders and may impact the body’s ability to absorb essential nutrients like vitamin B12. These patients might need injections or sublingual supplementation.
- Diet—Certain foods have been identified as potentially provoking inflammation and disrupting the normal function of the immune system, particularly in autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto’s and Grave’s disease. Research has indicated a correlation between gluten intolerance and antibodies that can adversely affect the thyroid, potentially impacting conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
Dietary recommendations for managing Graves’ disease often include avoiding refined foods, caffeine, alcohol, trans fats, and added sugars due to their lower nutritional value. This typically involves minimizing the intake of foods such as white bread, pasta, sugary treats, fried foods, tea, coffee, and chocolate.
Opt for whole foods and organic vegetables, along with grass-fed meats. Incorporate antioxidant-rich fruits such as strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, and blueberries into your diet. Consider using healthy oils like avocado, coconut, and olive oil in your cooking. Meanwhile, it’s advisable to steer clear of wheat and wheat products, grains like rye, barley, brewer’s yeast, spelt, farro, and durum. It is important to test for food allergies and sensitivities to identify and avoid allergens in their diets.
There are studies suggesting that individuals with Graves’ disease may have a greater likelihood of developing celiac disease or other autoimmune conditions, potentially up to 4.5 times more than those without Graves’ disease.
People with Graves’ disease may experience any of the following symptoms:
- A fine tremor in the fingers or hands.
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat.
- Hair loss.
- Irritability or anxiety.
- Heat sensitivity, increased perspiration, or hot flashes.
- Weight loss, even though you’re eating well (you may also have an increased appetite).
- Reduced libido.
- Weakness of the muscle.
- Goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland).
- Loose or frequent bowel movements.
- A high risk of miscarriage.
- Alterations in menstrual cycles (your menses may become irregular or lighter).
- Your fingernails will start to separate from the nail bed.
- You’re fatigued but yet struggle to sleep.
- Loss of calcium, resulting in decreased bone density over time.
- Graves’ dermopathy (rarely occurs).
Another symptom of Grave’s disease is related to the eyes. I’ll discuss it in detail below.
Graves’ Ophthalmopathy or Thyroid Eye Disease
Graves’ ophthalmopathy, also known as orbitopathy, occurs in over 50 percent of individuals with Graves’ disease. In addition, studies have shown that over 3-5 percent of patients with Graves’ disease are affected by severe forms of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (4).
Graves’ ophthalmopathy is characterized by bulging and inflammation of the eyes. The tissues around the eyes also swell. Other symptoms of ophthalmopathy include
- Puffy or retracted eyelids
- A gritty sensation in the eyes
- Double vision
- Sensitivity to light
- Pressure or pain in the eyes
- Reddened or inflamed eyes
- Diminished vision
In severe forms of Graves’ ophthalmopathy, the patient may experience permanent vision loss if left untreated. However, early treatment and regulation of thyroid hormone levels can resolve visual impairments related to Graves’ disease.
Graves’ Dermopathy
Individuals with Graves’ disease may develop a condition known as Graves’ dermopathy, which manifests as redness and thickening of the skin on the feet or shins. Although typically mild, Graves’ dermopathy can lead to discomfort and pain.
Thyroid Storm: Causes, Symptoms & Diagnosis
A thyroid storm is a severe and potentially fatal medical emergency linked to poorly managed hyperthyroidism, often stemming from untreated or undertreated Graves’ disease.
During a thyroid storm, the individual’s blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature will soar to extremely high levels. It is often fatal if not treated promptly and aggressively.
What Causes Thyroid Storm?
- Thyroid storms, though rare, typically manifest in hyperthyroid patients without adequate treatment. The primary cause is the overproduction of two thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
- Untreated hyperthyroidism
- Infections associated with hyperthyroidism
- Surgical procedures involving the thyroid gland, such as thyroidectomy (partial or total removal of the thyroid gland), can potentially lead to Thyroid Storm. This complication may arise due to factors such as excessive manipulation of the thyroid gland during surgery, inadvertent damage to surrounding structures, or inadequate management of thyroid hormone levels post-operatively.
- Trauma
- Stroke
- Congestive heart failure
- Pulmonary embolism
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms of Thyroid Storm
Thyroid storms and hyperthyroidism share similar symptoms, but thyroid storm symptoms are notably more severe, sudden, and extreme. These intensified symptoms often render individuals unable to care for themselves. Common symptoms of thyroid storm include:
- High fever that escalates rapidly.
- Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) exceeding normal levels.
- Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregular heart rhythm.
- Restlessness or agitation.
- Tremors or shaking.
- Profuse sweating that persists despite environmental conditions.
- Loss of consciousness or fainting spells.
- Diarrhea is often frequent and urgent.
- Confusion or disorientation.
- Difficulty finding comfort or remaining still.
How is Thyroid Storm Diagnosed?
When individuals with hyperthyroidism present symptoms indicative of thyroid storm, they are often admitted to the hospital’s emergency department. These symptoms often include a rapid heartbeat and significantly elevated systolic blood pressure.
Your healthcare provider will conduct a thorough assessment, typically involving a blood test to measure thyroid hormone levels.
Individuals experiencing thyroid storms commonly exhibit heightened heart rates and markedly increased systolic blood pressure.
In cases of thyroid storm, the T3 and T4 hormones are elevated, with TSH levels typically falling significantly below the normal range, often approaching zero or even undetectable levels. This contrasts with the typical range of TSH values, which is between 0.4 and 4.0 milli-international units per liter (mIU/L), as indicated by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC). Holistic doctors now consider the optimal range to evaluate TSH between 0.5 and 1.5 mU/L.
Unique Treatments and Medicines Available
Let’s explore therapies available for managing Graves’ disease:
Beta-blockers like propranolol and metoprolol are frequently the initial treatment choice for this condition. Beta-blockers do not inhibit the production of thyroid hormones. Instead, they block the effect of the excess hormones on the body. They may relieve irregular heartbeats, tremors, anxiety or irritability, heat intolerance, sweating, diarrhea, and muscle weakness.
- Anti-thyroid medication, such as methimazole, is another common therapy for managing hyperthyroidism. These medications work by blocking thyroid function and reducing thyroid hormone levels.
The drug Methimazole, prescribed to patients with Graves’ disease, suppresses thyroid function to below-normal levels. However, it’s important to understand that anti-thyroid medication is typically considered a temporary solution. Prolonged use can lead to various complications.
For a more sustainable long-term approach to managing Graves’ disease, you could consider the following options:
- Thyroid surgery also known as a thyroidectomy, involves the surgical removal of the entire thyroid gland.
- Radioactive iodine ablation therapy, where radioactive iodine is used to ‘destroy’ the thyroid gland.
Both thyroid surgery and radioactive iodine ablation therapy offer better solutions than anti-thyroid medications. However, it’s important to note that they can also have drawbacks for Graves’ patients, including the risk of hypothyroidism, potential side effects of radioactive iodine, and impacts on fertility. These risks are also present in the management of hyperthyroidism, including cases of thyroid storm, where the condition is more severe.
It’s crucial to understand that following a thyroidectomy or thyroid destruction, individuals transition from being hyperthyroid to hypothyroid.
Low-Dose Iodine as a Treatment for Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease
It’s worth noting that iodine has been used for this purpose since before the discovery of modern medications for hyperthyroidism. Incorporating low-dose iodine into treatment can help control underlying factors contributing to Graves’ disease, potentially avoiding the need for thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine uptake.
The administration of low-dose iodine in patients with Grave disease can help regulate thyroid hormone production and conversion in the periphery (the process where thyroid hormones are transformed into active forms outside the thyroid gland). This approach offers a natural treatment option comparable to prescription medications.
The utilization of iodine in Graves’ disease treatment requires supervision by a physician to guarantee both safety and effectiveness.
The role of Acetyl-L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease
L-carnitine, a dietary supplement, shows promise in addressing hyperthyroidism and symptoms associated with Graves’ disease. Moderating thyroid hormone activity can alleviate symptoms such as palpitations and rapid heart rate. It’s recommended to start with a conservative dose and adjust gradually based on individual response.
In clinical studies, L-carnitine has been demonstrated to reverse and prevent symptoms of hyperthyroidism. For instance, in a study involving 50 women receiving TSH-suppressive L-T4 therapy, treatment with either 2 or 4 g/day of L-carnitine showed improvements in both clinical symptoms and biochemical markers of hyperthyroidism compared to a placebo.
It’s important to consult a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your case.
What Foods to Avoid with Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease
The connection between gluten and Graves’ disease
You need to understand that there is an established link between Graves’ disease and Celiac disease.
Several studies (5) have shown that Celiac disease patients are more likely to have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease. But, of course, we know both are autoimmune diseases that affect the thyroid.
The connection between Celiac disease and Graves’ disease can be traced to the link between gluten, intestinal inflammation, and the onset of autoimmune disease through inflammation and molecular mimicry.
Some patients may not show any intestinal symptoms. This is known as “silent” celiac disease. This is of utmost importance if you are a Graves patient. Most celiac disease symptoms are extraintestinal. This means that they occur outside the gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms are usually non-specific and include anxiety, depression, and migraines.
Why is it essential to treat celiac disease in patients with hyperthyroidism?
Well, eliminating gluten from your diet may help immensely in the following areas:
- Increase nutrient absorption
- Minimize levels of inflammation
- Increase the absorption of medications
- Reduce the population of autoantibodies in some conditions and certain patients
- Improve intestinal permeability
The reduction of the autoantibody population is significant. In addition, studies have shown that eliminating gluten from the diet (6) in celiac disease patients may reduce the number of thyroid antibodies.
This explains why you should not hesitate to test for and treat celiac disease if you have hyperthyroidism.
You can test for celiac disease with markers such as:
- Gliadin peptide antibody
- Tissue transglutaminase antibody
Both markers are antibodies, and their presence in your serum indicates that you have celiac disease and should permanently eliminate gluten from your diet.
But whether you test positive or negative for these antibodies, you must eliminate gluten from your diet for at least 90 days.
Eliminating gluten from your diet will reduce intestinal inflammation and help you make better and healthier dietary choices.
Recommended foods for people with Graves’ disease include:
Vegetables:
- Kale
- Bok Choy
- Cabbage
- Broccoli
- Asparagus
- Collard greens
- Arugula
- Avocados
- Cauliflower
- Sweet potatoes/Yams
- Zucchini
- Brussel sprouts
Fruits:
- Raspberries
- Blueberries
- Blackberries
- Apples
Protein
- Organic and pasture meats: turkey, chicken (limited amounts)
- 100% grass-fed, organic beef and lunch meats (limited amounts)
- Pastured organic eggs
Fats:
- Brazil nuts
- Macadamia nuts
- Coconut butter
- Avocado oil
- Coconut oil
- Cashews
- Almond butter/almonds
- Animal fats in limited amounts (100% grass-fed or pastured)
- Extra virgin olive oil
Foods to be Avoided by People with Graves’ Disease
- Refined carbohydrates and fast foods
- Dairy products
- Soy
- High iodine foods
- Gluten
- Alcohol
- Caffeine ( tea, coffee, and chocolate)
- Sugar
- Processed foods
- Red Dye FD&C #3
- Processed foods with gluten
- Industrial seed oils (canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, etc.)
- Food allergens and sensitivities ( If you have food allergies)
Risk of Other Diseases with Hyperthyroidism and Grave Disease
Untreated hyperthyroidism significantly raises the risk of several diseases, including:
Cardiovascular disorders: Conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and heart failure, which can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. These disorders are often exacerbated by the elevated metabolism and increased strain on the cardiovascular system associated with hyperthyroidism, especially in cases of Graves’ disease.
- Pregnancy complications. Possible complications of Graves’ disease during pregnancy include preterm birth, miscarriage, poor fetal growth, fetal thyroid dysfunction, preeclampsia, and maternal heart failure. Regular thyroid hormone tests during pregnancy can detect irregularities.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. It often leads to fractures in the hip, spine, and wrist, resulting in pain, decreased mobility, and other complications. Hyperthyroidism, particularly in individuals with Graves’ disease, can accelerate bone loss due to increased bone turnover and decreased bone density, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis.
Supplementing calcium, vitamin D, and exercise can prevent osteoporosis.
- Cancer: The incidence of thyroid cancer is notably higher among patients with Graves’ disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, compared to the general population. Recent studies estimate that the prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease ranges from 2.6% to 15%. Furthermore, individuals with Graves’ disease and thyroid nodules are nearly five times more likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer than those without nodules. A 2018 study in the Journal of Otolaryngology found that those with hyperthyroidism often have a more aggressive form of thyroid cancer, which leads to a worse prognosis compared to individuals with normal thyroid function.
How Holistic medicine Can Help Grave disease to Go into Remission
Manage stress levels
Stress elevates adrenaline and cortisol levels, disrupting neurotransmitter function and exacerbating thyroid disease symptoms. In Hyperthyroidism and Grave diseases, stress triggers the release of thyroid hormones, worsening symptoms such as rapid heart rate and anxiety.
Practicing relaxation techniques, such as meditation, exercise, time in nature, working on our spirituality and prayer, low-impact exercises, massage therapy, and behavioral therapy, is vital for effectively managing stress and emotional challenges.
Research studies found that stress-induced alterations in psychological, behavioral, and physiological functions can increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases (8).
Eat Anti-inflammatory Diet
Unhealthy gut flora and nutrient deficiencies significantly contribute to inflammation. Additionally, food sensitivities or allergies can exacerbate gut unbalanced and autoimmune activity.
Allergens like dairy and gluten can contribute to the development of leaky gut syndrome. In this condition, small particles escape into the bloodstream through gaps in the gut lining, leading to autoimmune reactions.
A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can help restore bacterial balance in your gastrointestinal tract, alleviating symptoms of autoimmune diseases. Consider eliminating foods known to exacerbate autoimmune disorders like:
- Gluten
- Conventional dairy products that are treated with antibiotics and hormones.
- GMO ingredients (widely used in packaged foods with preservatives, high fructose corn syrup, and other chemicals).
- Products with added simple sugars.
You should also avoid high-iodine foods as they will increase thyroid hormone levels in your body system like egg yolks, iodized salt, and seaweed.
In addition to bladderwrack and Ashwagandha, individuals with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease should also avoid herbs or plants known to stimulate the thyroid like:
- Kelp
- Seaweed
- Bugleweed
- Lemon balm
- Guggul
- Siberian ginseng
It’s essential to consult with a healthcare practitioner before taking any herbal supplement, especially if you have thyroid issues.
Foods that can help control the symptoms of Graves’ disease include:
- Green juices/fresh vegetables.
- Fresh fruits like berries are excellent sources of electrolytes and antioxidants.
- Anti-inflammatory herbs like rosemary, basil, oregano, and parsley.
- Spices like garlic, turmeric, and ginger. They enhance immune system function.
- Healthy fats like omega-3s. They have anti-inflammatory properties and help with neurotransmitter function.
- Probiotics restore bacterial balance within the gastrointestinal tract and fight leaky gut syndrome.
Exercise
Regular exercise is a effective method for reducing inflammation and managing stress. However, it’s important to avoid overexertion, as excessive exercise can exacerbate symptoms of autoimmune diseases like Graves’ disease. Opt for activities that reduce anxiety, boost mood, and promote better sleep, such as yoga, dancing, swimming, or cycling. These enjoyable and calming exercises can contribute to overall well-being without risking worsening of symptoms.
Quitting Smoking
Smoking cigarettes and exposure to recreational drugs can trigger autoimmune disorders such as Graves’ disease. This is due to the high levels of toxins present in cigarettes, which increase inflammation and damage healthy tissue and cells. This, in turn, activates the immune system to release T-fighter cells, contributing to the development or exacerbation of autoimmune conditions.
Minimize Exposure to Environmental Toxins
Nearly everyone comes in contact with various environmental toxins or chemicals several times daily. There are at least 80,000 toxins and chemicals used legally every year in the United States.
These chemicals are used in beauty or household products, prescription medications, chemically-sprayed crops, antibiotics, and birth control pills. These chemicals can accumulate in the water supply and food and thus make their way into our bodies and homes.
Prioritize eating organic produce whenever possible, opting for natural household products, and steering clear of everyday items like makeup, perfumes, furniture, and cookware that have heavy metals and harmful chemicals. Additionally, minimize unnecessary medication usage and opt for high-quality water filtered to remove fluoride and chlorine. When it comes to dental care, select toothpaste without fluoride.
Supplements and Vitamins to Help Hyperthyroidism and Grave Disease
Do supplements help with Graves’ disease & hyperthyroidism?
Do supplements help with Graves’ disease & hyperthyroidism?
In short, YES!
While supplements won’t cure the disease, they can alleviate symptoms and significantly improve your quality of life when combined with other lifestyle changes.
So, what are the best supplements for hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease?
- Probiotics
Probiotics and prebiotics play a crucial role in managing autoimmune diseases. They strengthen the gastrointestinal tract, reduce inflammation, and balance intestinal flora, promoting a healthy gut bacteria population.
When the lining of your gastrointestinal tract is compromised, lots of bacteria and undigested proteins will be absorbed, which can trigger autoimmune disease. The breakdown of your gut lining is known as a leaky gut or increased intestinal permeability.
So, where do probiotics fit in?
Probiotics and prebiotics can strengthen the structure of your gastrointestinal tract, reduce inflammation, and balance the intestinal flora.
- Zinc
Zinc offers several benefits for patients with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease.
Firstly, studies indicate that zinc balances the immune system and promotes optimal immune function (9).
Secondly, zinc acts as a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation and altered immunity. Zinc helps cool the body and reduce inflammation (10).
Additionally, research studies have shown that zinc can optimize thyroid hormone function by normalizing the process of converting T4 to T3 (11).
Furthermore, many hyperthyroid patients experience weight gain, and zinc supplementation has been shown to improve this symptom.
- Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3 supplementation is essential for individuals with Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism due to its significant benefits. Studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency can worsen hyperthyroidism and may even trigger its onset. Additionally, research suggests that vitamin D3 supplementation could potentially reverse Graves’ disease, highlighting its crucial role in managing the condition.
Individuals with Graves’ disease or hyperthyroidism should prioritize evaluating their vitamin D levels and incorporating a D3 supplement into their regimen to support immune function and potentially reverse their autoimmune condition.
- Fish oil
incorporating fish oil into the diet supports individuals with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease by reducing inflammation, supporting heart health, modulating the immune system, and promoting brain function. (13).
Fish oil can offer several benefits to individuals with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease:
- Anti-inflammatory properties: Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids with potent anti-inflammatory effects. Since inflammation is often a key factor in autoimmune conditions like Graves’ disease, consuming fish oil can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.
- Heart health support: Fish oil can improve cardiovascular health by lowering triglyceride levels and promoting better blood vessel function.
- Immune system modulation: Omega-3s may help regulate the immune system, potentially reducing autoimmune responses associated with Graves’ disease.
- Brain function support: Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for brain health and cognitive function. Individuals with hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease may experience cognitive symptoms such as brain fog and difficulty concentrating. Consuming fish oil can support brain function and improve cognitive symptoms.
- Magnesium
Magnesium is crucial in numerous bodily functions beyond immune support, including muscle and nerve function and energy production. For individuals with hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease, maintaining adequate magnesium levels is particularly important, as deficiency can exacerbate symptoms associated with these conditions. Sufficient magnesium intake can alleviate symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, anxiety, and irregular heartbeat. Fortunately, magnesium can be easily incorporated into one’s diet by consuming magnesium-rich foods. Leafy greens, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and legumes are excellent dietary sources of magnesium. They can help individuals with hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease maintain optimal magnesium levels to support overall health and well-being.
Magnesium supplements (15), such as glycinate, L-threonate, citrate, etc, may interact with medications prescribed for hyperthyroidism. It’s important to take these supplements 2-3 hours before or after taking your medication and under the guidance of your healthcare provider.
6. Selenium is another essential mineral beneficial for individuals with hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease. Acting as an antioxidant, it regulates thyroid hormone function and is integral to immune system health. Selenium is crucial for the enzymes converting T4 into T3, and it aids in reducing antibody levels associated with Grave disease.
7. Other supplements that can help with hyperthyroidism are:
Motherwort (Leonurus cardiac L.): Known for its calming properties, it often alleviates symptoms such as anxiety and heart palpitations associated with hyperthyroidism.
Bugleweed (Lycopus): Bugleweed is believed to reduce thyroid hormone production and is commonly used to manage symptoms like rapid heartbeat and excessive sweating in hyperthyroidism.
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis): Lemon balm has soothing properties that may help reduce stress and anxiety, which are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is also known to have antiviral properties, which can benefit overall immune health.
Final thoughts
Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leads to hyperthyroidism. Triggers for Graves’ disease include bacterial or viral infections, genetics, gut conditions, and diet. Diagnosis is typically through thyroid lab tests, ultrasound, or radioactive iodine uptake.
The primary treatment for hyperthyroidism is anti-thyroid medication like Methimazole, although it’s considered a short-term solution. Long-term options include thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine ablation therapy.
Graves’ disease often coexists with other autoimmune conditions, such as celiac disease, due to gluten sensitivity and intestinal inflammation. Supplements like probiotics, zinc, vitamin D3, fish oil, magnesium, selenium, calcium, k2, bugleweed, and motherwort may support people with hyperthyroidism.
L-carnitine supplements have shown promise in inhibiting excess thyroid hormone production and potentially reversing hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease.
I’d like to hear from you:
- Are you currently managing Graves’ disease?
- What stage of treatment are you in?
- Have you undergone thyroid surgery or ablation?
- Are you using Methimazole therapy?
- How are you coping with your condition and managing symptoms?”
References
- DeGroot LJ (2016). Diagnosis and Treatment of Graves’ Disease. [Updated 2016 Nov 2]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285548/
- Pyzik, A., Grywalska, E., Matyjaszek-Matuszek, B., Ludian, J., Kiszczak-Bochyńska, E., Smoleń, A., Roliński, J., & Pyzik, D. (2019). Does the Epstein-Barr Virus Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease? International journal of molecular sciences, 20(13), 3145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133145
- Leung, A. M., & Braverman, L. E. (2014). Consequences of excess iodine. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 10(3), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2013.251
- Wiersinga, W. M., & Bartalena, L. (2002). Epidemiology and prevention of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Thyroid: official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 12(10), 855–860. https://doi.org/10.1089/105072502761016476
- Ch’ng, C. L., Jones, M. K., & Kingham, J. G. (2007). Celiac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease. Clinical medicine & research, 5(3), 184–192. https://doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2007.738
- Ventura, A., Neri, E., Ughi, C., Leopaldi, A., Città, A., & Not, T. (2000). Gluten-dependent diabetes-related and thyroid-related autoantibodies in patients with celiac disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 137(2), 263–265. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2000.107160
- Medas, F., Erdas, E., Canu, G.L. et al (2018). Does hyperthyroidism worsen the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma? A retrospective analysis on 2820 consecutive thyroidectomies. J of Otolaryngol – Head & Neck Surg 47, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-018-0254-2
- Harris, T., Creed, F., & Brugha, T. S. (1992). Stressful life events and Graves’ disease. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 161, 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.4.535
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